The Nazca people are best known for the famous ‘Nazca Lines’, geolyths they left etched into the surface of the surrounding empty desert plains.
Although some conspiracy theorists believe the geolyths were created by aliens, most scholars agree they were sacred pathways followed during sophisticated ancients rituals.
Despite their advanced civilisation the people vanished around 500AD, a collapse that has been blamed on a variety of factors including a massive El Nino weather system hitting the region.

The huarango tree, which once covered what is now a desert area, was gradually replaced by crops such as cotton and maize. They examined plant remains found in the Ica Valley to understand what happened.
But the tree was crucial to the desert’s fragile ecosystem as it enhanced soil fertility and moisture and helped to hold the Nazca’s narrow, vulnerable irrigation channels in place, the researchers said. Its deep roots held the soil together and protected against erosion.

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